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The ISO 14000 series of environmental standards includes the
following standards:
- The Environmental Management Standards
guide managers in how to develop an evolving environmental policy, how to
select the action steps for the managers to follow as they implement and
maintain environmental monitoring of their production processes, and require
that up to date manuals of their action steps be kept.
- The Environmental Auditing Standards goes through the steps necessary
to develop a program to audit an organization's environmental management program.
- The Environmental Labeling Standards goes through how to develop a
labeling program, and what constitute the different types of labels and
their characteristics.
- The Environmental Performance Evaluation Standards goes through how
to select appropriate environmental indicators and how to evaluate environmental
performance.
- The Life Cycle Analysis Standards describes how to develop two distinct
types of analyses. How to make the value judgement as to which is the better or
less harmful of the set of impacts of one product or production process versus
another is beyond the scope of the standards.
- i) Inventory analysis is a cradle to grave analysis of the environmental
impact of specific production processes or sub-processes. It is called inventory
analysis because it lists and measures important inputs and outputs, such as energy
usage and each toxic chemical released. This makes it possible to compare the
environmental impact of different production processes ofthe same product.
- ii) Impact analysis includes the environmental impact beyond the
production processes so that the full environmental impact of different products
serving the same need can truly be compared. This may include eco-system impacts
such as diminishing salmon population or loss of migrating fowl habitat, and
health and safety impacts such as increased incidence of asthma or loss of quality
drinking water.
- The Environmental Aspects in Product Standards is a manual for product
developers to use. It presents some general considerations to take into account
when developing product standards so they can balance function with environmental
impact.
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